Breshears
ETS 2001 Atonement
Page 13
While we can appreciate his focus on God at work, entering fully into the fallen human
sphere and participating in our suffering to defeat the power of evil, we have to wonder about the
missing themes. He reminds us of the error of "dealing with specific aspects of the Christian
faith in isolation from the whole"
29
but it seems to me essential threads are missing from his
tapestry. Where is personal sin against God? Where is the work of Christ as our substitute?
Where is the wrath of God against sin? He correctly refuses to "place the overcoming of evil in
the hands of an ecologically sensitive humanity, but in Jesus Christ who defeats the power of
evil by his death and resurrection."
30
What are the evil powers the incarnate Christ triumphed
over? I don't find the focus on the demonic powers, the pagan gods that so dominated the ancient
world and much of ours as well. Sacrifice is stated as a central theme of the work of Christ, but I
look in vain for any articulation of that theme. Neither does he have time or sympathy for
propitiation leading to forgiveness. He focuses on Christ's triumph over unspecified powers, a
very limited exposition.
I find myself drawn to Webber's concern to express the message of the cross effectively
for our day and even more in his zeal to rid proclamation of the culturally biased
misrepresentations of past generations. But I find that his representation shaped by contemporary
culture. As culture becomes source and norm of theology, it mitigates or contaminates the
biblical Christianity. I concur with Tidball:
Our preaching of the cross will often be necessarily counter-cultural and must faithfully
represent the revelation of our God rather than gratify the fashions of society. Our task is
not to mirror our culture but to convert it, and the cross calls us to do that in the most
radical of ways.
31
The other recent book on atonement from evangelical writers is by Joel Green & Mark
Baker.
32
Here we see a very different approach. Where Webber just ignores substitution and
propitiation and barely mentions sacrifice, Green & Baker attack the penal substitution model.
They see it fundamentally flawed because it views atonement through the lens of a nineteenth
century, individualistic legal framework of criminal justice. This model "distorts biblical words
and phrases to the point that they are no longer recognizable in their biblical contexts."
33
The
God of wrath and vindictive punishment does not match up with the God revealed in the Bible
and in Christ. It divides Father and Son, ending up with the Son saving us from the vengeful,
vindictive, punishing, wrathful Father. This model makes the grave error of focusing on
29
Ibid. 33
30
Ibid. 41, 67
31
Derek Tidball, The Message of the Cross (Downer's Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 2001),
33.
32
Joel Green & Mark Baker, Recovering the Scandal of the Cross (Downer's Grove:
InterVarsity, 2000.
33
Ibid. 147.