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29. Bernstein, 1993, 293.
30. Ibid., 292.
31. For an informative discussion of the relationship between the Apocalypse of Peter and

the Apocalypse of Paul, see Himmelfarb, 1983, 140-147.

32. Himmelfarb, 1983, 17.
33. Harry Buis, The Doctrine of Eternal Punishment (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and

Reformed, 1957), 23-24.

34. Bernstein, 1993, 297
35. Ibid., 297-299, Apocalypse of Paul, 31, 34-40, NTA, II, 730-733.
36. Ibid., 299.
37. NTA, II, 731-733.
38. Bernstein, 1993, 302-303.
39. NTA, II, 633.
40. Ibid., II, 363.
41. Ibid., II, 743.
42. Jewish Tours of Hell continued to be produced in the Christian era throughout the

medieval period. For a helpful discussion of the interaction between Jewish and Christian Tours
in the early Christian era, see Himmelfarb, 1983, 128-139, 147-167.

43. Ibid. 24-46, 159-167. Himmelfarb considered it probable that the two Ezra

Apocalypses were derived from an early Christian Tour of Hell that was written before the
Apocalypse of Paul had become so dominant in its influence (167).

44. OTP, I, 562, 581.
45. Jon E. Braun, Whatever Happened to Hell? (New York: Thomas Nelson, 1979), 70.
46. Ibid., 71.
47. Guy P. Raffa, "Dantes Beloved Yet Damned Virgil,"Dante's Inferno: the Indiana

Critical Edition, translated and edited by Mark Musa Indianapolis: Indiana Univ., 1995), 266. I
found Musas prose summaries and numerous end notes explaining these many otherwise
obscure allusions to be extremely helpful in gaining quickly a measure of understanding of this
material.

48.Ibid., 266-268. Virgil had written of his descent to the underworld in his Aeneid about

Aeneas travels) and Georgics (about Orpheus).

49. Musa, 1995, 34.
50. Ibid., 34-35.
51. Ibid., 48-49.
52. Ibid., 65.
53. Ibid., 109-110. The punishment for those who cause discord and schism is especially

grisly, involving splitting the body from chin to buttocks, spilling out the entrails, and restoring
it, only to repeat the process ad infinitum (xviii. 19-42, Ibid., 203-204).

54. Ibid., 113, end notes for lines 22-24.
55. My discussion is based largely upon that by Irene Samuel, Dante and Milton: the

Commedia and Paradise Lost (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, 1966), 71-93.

56. The Complete Works of John Milton, edited by Douglas Bush (Boston: Houghton

Mifflin Co., 1966): Paradise Lost Book I: Lines 41-75, pp. 212-213.